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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Hidalgo |government_type = Council-Manager |leader_title = City Council |leader_name = Mayor Jim Darling Scott Crane Trey Pebley Hilda Salinas Aida Ramirez John Ingram Veronica Whitacre |leader_title1 = City Manager |leader_name1 = Roel "Roy" Rodriguez |established_date = |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_total_km2 = 119.8 |area_land_km2 = 119.1 |area_water_km2 = 0.8 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_total_sq_mi = 46.3 |area_land_sq_mi = 46.0 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.3 |elevation_ft = 121 |elevation_m = 37 |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |latd = 26 |latm = 12 |lats = 59 |latNS = N |longd = 98 |longm = 14 |longs = 11 |longEW = W |population_as_of = 2010 |population_metro = 804,934 |population_total = 140,717 (city proper) |population_density_km2 = 893.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 2314.7 |timezone = CST |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |website = http://www.mcallen.net/ |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 78501-78505 |area_code = 956 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 48-45384〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Census Bureau )〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1374829 |footnotes = | }} McAllen is the twenty-first most populous city in Texas and the largest city in Hidalgo County, Texas. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in the Rio Grande Valley (not a geographical valley) and is part of the Southern United States. It is on the Rio Grande, across from the Mexican city of Reynosa, and is about west of South Padre Island and the Gulf of Mexico. The 2012 estimates put the city's population at 140,717 and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area at 804,934; making up most of the population of Hidalgo County (determined by the 2010 census to be 774,773).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.homesecurityshield.org/news/most-dangerous-cities-in-texas/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48215.html )〕 It is ranked the sixth largest metropolitan area by population in the state of Texas. The Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts a population of nearly 1.5 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mcallen.org/Business-Community/McAllen-Overview )〕 From its settlement in 1904, the area around McAllen was largely rural and agricultural in character, but the latter half of the 20th century saw steady growth, which accelerated during the 1980s, leading to an economic and population boom in the 1990s and 2000s. Today the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, The introduction of the maquiladora economy and the North American Free Trade Association led to a boom in international trade, cross-border commerce with Mexico, and health care. ==History== In 1904 the Hidalgo and San Miguel Extension (now the Sam Fordyce Branch) of the St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway reached the Santa Anita Ranch. John McAllen and his son James donated land to the railroad to guarantee it would cross the area. On December 5, 1904, the McAllen Townsite Company was formed by Uriah Lott, Leonidas C. Hill, Sr., John McAllen, James Ballí McAllen, and John J. Young. The new community, which was named for John McAllen, had the depot nearest the county seat, Hidalgo, eight miles to the south. By 1911, 5,000 acres was under cultivation in East McAllen with produce consisting of cotton, alfalfa, broom corn, citrus fruits, grapes, and figs. East McAllen had an estimated population of 1,000 that year, and West McAllen had ceased to exist. In 1911 the town applied for and was issued a charter of incorporation under the name McAllen. In 1916, 20,000 New York state troops were stationed at McAllen to help quell border disturbances. The resulting economic boom increased the population from 1,200 in 1916, to 6,000 in 1920. McAllen adopted a home rule charter in 1927. Canning factories, a winery, tortilla plants, wood-working plants, and some oil exploration increased the population to 9,074 by 1930. In 1936 Hiram Garner opened the Valley Distillery, Incorporated, which produced wines from citrus juices. The town was a petroleum and farm chemurgic center with a population of 11,877 in 1940, by which time it had adopted the nickname the City of Palms. In 1941, a suspension bridge replaced the old bridge to Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas; the new toll bridge was purchased by the city and was named the McAllen-Hidalgo-Reynosa International Bridge. Its construction resulted in increased tourist trade, making McAllen a winter resort and port of entry to Mexico. The discovery of oil in the Reynosa area in 1947 resulted in a large migration of people from the Mexican interior, constituting a new tourist market and cheap labor supply for McAllen. The sister cities were linked as a result of the increased traffic between them. The population of McAllen was 20,005 in 1950 and 32,728 in 1960. The McAllen-Hidalgo-Reynosa International Bridge was the number-two port of entry into Mexico in 1954.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= Texas Department of Transportation )〕 McAllen was an agricultural, oil, and tourist center in 1970, when the population reached 37,636. By the start of the 1970s, McAllen had a 200-bed hospital and a new air-conditioned high school, the first school in the nation featuring on-site power generated by natural-gas-powered turbines. The tourism industry continued to expand as people traveled to the area from both Mexico and the northern United States. The population continued to grow steadily through the 1970s, and reached 66,281 by 1980. During the late 1980s the McAllen Foreign Trade Zone was an important general-purpose foreign trade zone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= City of McAllen )〕 At the time McAllen’s main industries were retail, tourism and farming, and each was in trouble. The devaluation of the Mexican peso in the 1980s put a damper on cross-border shopping; local tourism was down because of the recession. In 1983 a freeze took out much of the Valley’s citrus crop. In the mid-1980s, fueled by trade and the growth of the maquiladora (in which components are shipped to Mexico, assembled and shipped back), the economy began to improve in Hidalgo County. McAllen sits across the border from Reynosa, a large manufacturing centre. After the peso devalued it became easier to woo companies to put their plants in Mexico with support operations in Texas. Workers came for jobs, winter Texans returned to enjoy the sun, and Mexicans came to spend money. Thanks to tourist dollars, McAllen has the highest retail spending per capita in the state, according to its Chamber of Commerce. The result was unprecedented growth, and Hidalgo County’s population soared from about 280,000 people in 1980 to over 700,000 in 2007. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McAllen, Texas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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